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- <text id=92TT1251>
- <title>
- June 08, 1992: Where Mankind and Nature Get Along
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- June 08, 1992 The Balkans
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ENVIRONMENT, Page 77
- Where Mankind and Nature Get Along
- </hdr><body>
- <p> On the border between Brazil and Bolivia is a rare place
- where people profit from nature without destroying it. Called the
- Pantanal, it is a giant freshwater wetland that covers 140,000
- sq km (54,000 sq. mi.). Unlike Brazil's other three great
- ecosystems -- the Atlantic forests, the Amazon and the plain
- called the Cerrado -- the Pantanal has not yet suffered grievous
- damage at the hand of man. Even more amazing, it retains some
- of the densest concentrations of wildlife in the Americas,
- despite the fact that settlers have worked cattle ranches in the
- area for more than 200 years.
- </p>
- <p> On the pastures surrounding the ponds and marshes of the
- Pantanal, herds of capybaras, the world's largest rodents, munch
- on the native grasses. Hyacinth macaws, the world's largest
- parrots, nest in trees and crack palm seeds disgorged by cattle,
- which eat the fruit around the nut. According to Charles Munn,
- an ornithologist with Wildlife Conservation International, the
- cattle fill a niche formerly occupied by extinct giant sloths,
- which dined on palm seeds thousands of years before the first
- Portuguese settlers arrived. This happy coincidence is one
- reason why humans here get along with the 80 species of mammals,
- 230 kinds of fish, 650 different birds and 1,100 types of
- butterflies.
- </p>
- <p> Also working in the Pantanal's favor is the
- inaccessibility of the central core of the huge floodplain. The
- enormous, uninhabited wetlands provide a refuge where animals
- can retreat from hunting and other human intrusions. Munn notes
- that the area has survived deforestation in large sections of
- its watershed and that the effects of industrialization in the
- surrounding states have so far been minimal. "If this glass is
- half empty," he says, surveying the wild diversity of wading
- birds, flycatchers and kingfishers feeding at the flooded edge
- of a pasture, "I can't imagine what it would look like full."
- </p>
- <p> The region does face threats. According to Nilson de
- Barros, president of the Society for the Defense of the
- Pantanal, the rivers that feed into its marshes are being
- polluted by gold mining, deforestation and agriculture. To feed
- cattle herds, some ranchers are planting exotic grasses that
- threaten the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Wild-animal
- dealers are going after such items as rare birds and capybara
- skins. But De Barros believes the problems will be kept under
- control. He stresses that the Pantaneiros have traditionally
- respected the area's riches, and they are beginning to realize
- that their home has great potential for ecotourism.
- </p>
- <p> As humanity paves over, logs and plows under forests and
- fields around the world, the crucial question for the biosphere
- is whether people can make peace with nature beyond the
- boundaries of the patchwork of parks and protected areas, which
- cover less than 1% of the globe. Through a combination of
- respect for the land and luck, the Pantaneiros have shown that
- this might be possible. At the headquarters of the huge Novo
- Miranda Ranch, manager Ito Menezes says, "The Pantanal has
- always vanquished human attempts to mess it up."
- </p>
- <p> By Eugene Linden
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
-